Solid-layered bleach compositions and methods of use

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides a solid-layered composition having at least two parts. The first part comprises a) calcium hypochlorite, magnesium hypochlorite and mixtures thereof, b) a builder, c) a water-soluble polymer, d) an acid, and e) wherein the first part does not contain sodium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite and mixtures thereof. The second part comprises a) a functional ingredient, b) a builder or filler, and c) wherein the second part does not contain any oxidant.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. Ser. No.12/620,932, filed on Nov. 18, 2009, which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Application No. 61/121,029, filed on Dec. 9, 2008, which isincorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to solid-layered bleachcompositions and methods of use. These bleach compositions are used toclean and disinfect a variety of substances. These surfaces include, butare not limited to, water, wastes, wastewater, produce, poultry, meat,soil, plants, hard surfaces, soft surfaces, textiles, medical devicesand appliances. They can be also used for therapeutic treatment of humanand animal skin, nails, teeth, gums, burns, wounds, ears, nasal or oralcavities. They may also be used to inhibit the growth of mold and toremove odors.

2. Description of the Related Art

Solid bleach compositions have progressed for decades and created alarge chemical industry devoted to cleaning and disinfecting. N-Chlorohydantoins, N-chloro isocyanurates, sodium hypochlorite, and calciumhypochlorite are used quite frequently in bleach compositions for manycompanies because they are cheap to produce and they are highlyeffective. However, these bleach compositions have several disadvantagesthat limit their usefulness. Sodium hypochlorite is only available as aliquid at room temperature. Calcium hypochlorite leaves residue.Chlorinated hydantoins and isocyanurates lack long term solutionstability and generate malodor. All these disadvantages presentcompositions which consumers may not prefer.

It is also quite desirable to include functional ingredients in thesolid bleach compositions that may react with or have poor compatibilitywith the bleach. Such functional ingredients may provide a pleasantfragrance, improve soil removal, increase wetting, inhibit corrosion, orprovide other desirable benefits. Either the bleach or the functionalingredient may typically be coated, encapsulated or embedded in apolymer, resin, or a wax to improve the stability and shelf-life of thecomposition. However this approach also increases cost, complexity, andthe time required for the composition to dissolve in water and producedthe desired function.

The presently claimed invention solves some of these problems. Use ofcalcium hypochlorite in at least a two-part system does not leaveresidues that are associated with other calcium hypochloritecompositions, nor do they generate malodors typically associated withthe use of chlorinated isocyanurates. The present invention alsoreleases bleach faster than the typical use of halogenated hydantoins.The present invention also dissolves faster than typical commercialproducts based on calcium hypochlorite or halogenated hydantoins. Thecurrent invention has none of its ingredients coated, encapsulated, orembedded in a polymer, resin, or a wax. It is therefore an object of thepresent invention to provide a solid-layered bleach composition andmethods of use that overcomes the disadvantages and shortcomingsassociated with prior art solid bleach compositions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In accordance with the above objects and those that will be mentionedand will become apparent below, one aspect of the present inventioncomprises a solid-layered bleach composition having at least two partscomprising a first part and a second part: wherein said first partcomprising, a) 0.001%-50% of a hypochlorite selected from the groupconsisting of calcium hypochlorite, magnesium hypochlorite and mixturesthereof; b) a builder selected from the group consisting of carbonate,bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate and mixtures thereof; c) a water-solublepolymer selected from the group consisting of a polycarboxylate,sulfonated carboxylate, polysulfonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone,polyquaternary ammonium salts, copolymers and mixtures thereof; d) anacid selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid, polysulfonicacid, carboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid, acidsulfate, acid phosphate, phosphonic acid, and mixtures thereof; e)optionally a filler selected from the group consisting of chloride,sulfate, phosphate, silicate, borate, nitrate, chlorate, aluminate,silica-aluminate, hydroxide, and oxide compounds of alkali, metals,alkaline earths, aluminum, zinc and tin including hydrates, mono, di andtribasic compounds, mixed salts, borates, clays, zeolites and mixturesthereof; f) optionally, a water-swellable polymer selected from thegroup consisting of cross-linked polycarboxylate, cross-linkedpolysulfonate, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose, sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose, and mixtures thereof g) optionally, desiccants,solid processing aids, colorants, agglomeration aids, binders, glidants,corrosion inhibitors, and mixtures thereof and h) wherein the first partdoes not contain sodium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, potassiumhypochlorite, sodium chlorite, chlorine dioxide, N-halogenatedcompounds, hydantoins, isocyanurates, carboxylic acids that also havehydroxyl, amino, amido, imino, or imido groups, enzymes, and mixturesthereof and wherein the second part comprising, a) a functionalingredient selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, ahydrotrope, a wetting agent, a dispersant, a penetrant, a chelatingagent, an odor absorbent, a fragrance, a flavoring agent, a sweetener, acolorant, a corrosion inhibitor, a viscosity modifier, a foam booster, adefoamer, a stain and soil repellant, a fluorescent whitening agent, anenzyme, a cloud point modifier, an anti-microbial agent, a sporulationagent, a catalyst or an activating agent, a therapeutic agent, andmixtures thereof b) a builder or filler selected from the groupconsisting of a carbonate, a bicarbonate, a sesquicarbonate, a chloride,a sulfate, a phosphate, a silicate, borate, a nitrate, an aluminate, asilica-aluminate, a hydroxide, or an oxide compound of alkali metals,alkaline earths, aluminum, zinc and tin including hydrates, mono, di andtribasic compounds, mixed salts, a borate, a clay, a zeolite, andmixtures thereof c) optionally acids, water soluble polymers,disintegrants, desiccants, solid processing aids, agglomeration aids,binders, glidants, preservatives, and mixtures thereof and d) whereinsaid second part does not contain any oxidant wherein said oxidantcomprises hypochlorite, chlorite, chlorate, perchlorate, N-halocompound, chlorine dioxide, peracid, peroxide, peroxygen bleach andmixtures thereof.

In accordance with the above objects and those that will be mentionedand will become apparent below, another aspect of the present inventioncomprises a solid-layered bleach composition having at least two partscomprising a first part and a second part: wherein said first partconsisting essentially of, a) 0.001%-50% of a hypochlorite selected fromthe group consisting of calcium hypochlorite, magnesium hypochlorite andmixtures thereof; b) a builder selected from the group consisting ofcarbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate and mixtures thereof; c) awater-soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of apolycarboxylate, sulfonated carboxylate, polysulfonate,polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyquaternary ammonium salts, copolymers andmixtures thereof; d) an acid selected from the group consisting ofsulfonic acid, polysulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid,polycarboxylic acid, acid sulfate, acid phosphate, phosphonic acid, andmixtures thereof; e) optionally a filler selected from the groupconsisting of chloride, sulfate, phosphate, silicate, borate, nitrate,chlorate, aluminate, silica-aluminate, hydroxide, and oxide compounds ofalkali, metals, alkaline earths, aluminum, zinc and tin includinghydrates, mono, di and tribasic compounds, mixed salts, borates, clays,zeolites and mixtures thereof; f) optionally, a water-swellable polymerselected from the group consisting of cross-linked polycarboxylate,cross-linked polysulfonate, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose,cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and mixtures thereof; g)optionally, desiccants, solid processing aids, colorants, agglomerationaids, binders, glidants, corrosion inhibitors, and mixtures thereof; andh) wherein said first part does not contain sodium hypochlorite, lithiumhypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, chlorine dioxide,N-halogenated compounds, hydantoins, isocyanurates, carboxylic acidsthat also have hydroxyl, amino, amido, imino, or imido groups, enzymes,and mixtures thereof; and wherein the second part consisting essentiallyof, a) a functional ingredient selected from the group consisting of asurfactant, a hydrotrope, a wetting agent, a dispersant, a penetrant, achelating agent, an odor absorbent, a fragrance, a flavoring agent, asweetener, a colorant, a corrosion inhibitor, a viscosity modifier, afoam booster, a defoamer, a stain and soil repellant, a fluorescentwhitening agent, an enzyme, a cloud point modifier, an anti-microbialagent, a sporulation agent, a catalyst, an activating agent, atherapeutic agent, and mixtures thereof; b) a builder or filler selectedfrom the group consisting of a carbonate, a bicarbonate, asesquicarbonate, a chloride, a sulfate, a phosphate, a silicate, borate,a nitrate, an aluminate, a silica-aluminate, a hydroxide, or an oxidecompound of alkali metals, alkaline earths, aluminum, zinc and tinincluding hydrates, mono, di and tribasic compounds, mixed salts, aborate, a clay, a zeolite, and mixtures thereof; c) optionally, awater-soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of apolycarboxylate, sulfonated carboxylate, polysulfonate,polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyquaternary ammonium salts, copolymers andmixtures thereof; d) optionally, an acid selected from the groupconsisting of sulfonic acid, polysulfonic acid, carboxylic acid,dicarboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid, acid sulfate, acid phosphate,phosphonic acid, and mixtures thereof; e) optionally, a water-swellablepolymer selected from the group consisting of cross-linkedpolycarboxylate, cross-linked polysulfonate, cross-linked carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and mixturesthereof; f) optionally, desiccants, solid processing aids, colorants,agglomeration aids, binders, glidants, corrosion inhibitors, andmixtures thereof; and g) wherein said second part does not contain anyoxidant wherein said oxidant comprises hypochlorite, chlorite, chlorate,perchlorate, N-halo compound, chlorine dioxide, peracid, peroxide,peroxygen bleach and mixtures thereof.

In accordance with the above objects and those that will be mentionedand will become apparent below, another aspect of the present inventioncomprising a solid-layered bleach composition having at least two partscomprising a first part and a second part: wherein said first partconsisting of, a) 0.001%-50% of a hypochlorite selected from the groupconsisting of calcium hypochlorite, magnesium hypochlorite and mixturesthereof; b) a builder selected from the group consisting of carbonate,bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate and mixtures thereof; c) a water-solublepolymer selected from the group consisting of a polycarboxylate,sulfonated carboxylate, polysulfonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone,polyquaternary ammonium salts, copolymers and mixtures thereof; d) anacid selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid, polysulfonicacid, carboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid, acidsulfate, acid phosphate, phosphonic acid, and mixtures thereof; e)optionally a filler selected from the group consisting of chloride,sulfate, phosphate, silicate, borate, nitrate, chlorate, aluminate,silica-aluminate, hydroxide, and oxide compounds of alkali, metals,alkaline earths, aluminum, zinc and tin including hydrates, mono, di andtribasic compounds, mixed salts, borates, clays, zeolites and mixturesthereof; f) optionally, a water-swellable polymer selected from thegroup consisting of cross-linked polycarboxylate, cross-linkedpolysulfonate, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose, sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose, and mixtures thereof; g) optionally, desiccants,solid processing aids, colorants, agglomeration aids, binders, glidants,corrosion inhibitors, and mixtures thereof; and h) wherein said firstpart does not contain sodium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite,potassium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, chlorine dioxide, N-halogenatedcompounds, hydantoins, isocyanurates, carboxylic acids that also havehydroxyl, amino, amido, imino, or imido groups, enzymes, and mixturesthereof; and wherein said second part consisting of, a) a functionalingredient selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, ahydrotrope, a wetting agent, a dispersant, a penetrant, a chelatingagent, an odor absorbent, a fragrance, a flavoring agent, a sweetener, acolorant, a corrosion inhibitor, a viscosity modifier, a foam booster, adefoamer, a stain and soil repellant, a fluorescent whitening agent, anenzyme, a cloud point modifier, an anti-microbial agent, a sporulationagent, a catalyst or an activating agent, a therapeutic agent, andmixtures thereof b) a builder or filler selected from the groupconsisting of a carbonate, a bicarbonate, a sesquicarbonate, a chloride,a sulfate, a phosphate, a silicate, borate, a nitrate, an aluminate, asilica-aluminate, a hydroxide, or an oxide compound of alkali metals,alkaline earths, aluminum, zinc and tin including hydrates, mono, di andtribasic compounds, mixed salts, a borate, a clay, a zeolite, andmixtures thereof c) optionally, a water-soluble polymer selected fromthe group consisting of a polycarboxylate, sulfonated carboxylate,polysulfonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyquaternary ammonium salts,copolymers and mixtures thereof; d) optionally, an acid selected fromthe group consisting of sulfonic acid, polysulfonic acid, carboxylicacid, dicarboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid, acid sulfate, acidphosphate, phosphonic acid, and mixtures thereof e) optionally, awater-swellable polymer selected from the group consisting ofcross-linked polycarboxylate, cross-linked polysulfonate, cross-linkedcarboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, andmixtures thereof f) optionally, desiccants, solid processing aids,colorants, agglomeration aids, binders, glidants, corrosion inhibitors,and mixtures thereof; and g) wherein said second part does not containany oxidant wherein said oxidant comprises hypochlorite, chlorite,chlorate, perchlorate, N-halo compound, chlorine dioxide, peracid,peroxide, peroxygen bleach and mixtures thereof.

Further features and advantages of the present invention will becomeapparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the detaileddescription of preferred embodiments below, when considered togetherwith the attached claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Before describing the present invention in detail, it is to beunderstood that this invention is not limited to particularlyexemplified systems or process parameters that may, of course, vary. Itis also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for thepurpose of describing particular embodiments of the invention only, andis not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any manner.

All publications, patents and patent applications cited herein, whethersupra or infra, are hereby incorporated by reference in their entiretyto the same extent as if each individual publication, patent or patentapplication was specifically and individually indicated to beincorporated by reference.

It must be noted that, as used in this specification and the appendedclaims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referentsunless the content clearly dictates otherwise.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used hereinhave the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill inthe art to which the invention pertains. Although a number of methodsand materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can beused in the practice of the present invention, the preferred materialsand methods are described herein.

In the application, effective amounts are generally those amounts listedas the ranges or levels of ingredients in the descriptions, which followhereto. Unless otherwise stated, amounts listed in percentage (“%'s”)are in weight percent (based on 100% active) of the cleaning compositionalone, not accounting for the substrate weight. Each of the notedcleaner composition components and substrates is discussed in detailbelow. Additionally, this application also covers method and method ofuse steps of utilizing the compositions described in the presentinvention.

The term “comprising”, which is synonymous with “including,”“containing,” or “characterized by,” is inclusive or open-ended and doesnot exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps. See MPEP2111.03. See, e.g., Mars Inc. v. H.J. Heinz Co., 377 F.3d 1369, 1376, 71USPQ2d 1837, 1843 (Fed. Cir. 2004) (“like the term ‘comprising,’ theterms ‘containing’ and ‘mixture’ are open-ended.”). Invitrogen Corp. v.Biocrest Mfg., L.P., 327 F.3d 1364, 1368, 66 USPQ2d 1631, 1634 (Fed.Cir. 2003) (“The transition ‘comprising’ in a method claim indicatesthat the claim is open-ended and allows for additional steps.”);Genentech, Inc. v. Chiron Corp., 112 F.3d 495, 501, 42 USPQ2d 1608, 1613(Fed. Cir. 1997) See MPEP 2111.03. (“Comprising” is a term of art usedin claim language which means that the named elements are essential, butother elements may be added and still form a construct within the scopeof the claim.); Moleculon Research Corp. v. CBS, Inc., 793 F.2d 1261,229 USPQ 805 (Fed. Cir. 1986); In re Baxter, 656 F.2d 679, 686, 210 USPQ795, 803 (CCPA 1981); Ex parte Davis, 80 USPQ 448, 450 (Bd. App. 1948).See MPEP 2111.03.

The term “consisting essentially of” as used herein, limits the scope ofa claim to the specified materials or steps “and those that do notmaterially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s)” of the claimedinvention. In re Herz, 537 F.2d 549, 551-52, 190 USPQ 461, 463 (CCPA1976) (emphasis in original). See MPEP 2111.03.

The term “consisting of” as used herein, excludes any element, step, oringredient not specified in the claim. In re Gray 53 F.2d 520, 11 USPQ255 (CCPA 1931); Ex Parte Davis, 80 USPQ 448, 450 (Bd. App. 1948). SeeMPEP 2111.03.

The term “cleaning composition”, as used herein, is meant to mean andinclude a cleaning formulation having at least one surfactant.

The term “laundry composition”, as used herein, is meant to mean andinclude a laundry formulation having at least one surfactant.

The term “surfactant”, as used herein, is meant to mean and include asubstance or compound that reduces surface tension when dissolved inwater or water solutions, or that reduces interfacial tension betweentwo liquids, or between a liquid and a solid. The term “surfactant” thusincludes anionic, nonionic, cationic, zwiterrionic, amphoteric agents ormixtures thereof.

General

The present invention is directed to a solid-layered compositioncomprising at least two parts. The solid-layered composition mayoptionally have a third part. If a third part is present, the third partis situated between the first and second parts. The present inventiondoes not work with a liquid composition. The first part of thesolid-layered composition comprises at least calcium hypochlorite,magnesium hypochlorite or mixtures thereof. The second part of thesolid-layered composition comprises at least one functional ingredient.Optional ingredients may be added to either part to enhance the efficacyof the solid-layered composition.

Oxidant

The first part of the solid-layered composition can contain only calciumhypochlorite, magnesium hypochlorite or mixtures thereof. The first partof the solid-layered composition does not contain any other types ofhypochlorite such as sodium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, orpotassium hypochorite. Therefore, the first part of the solid-layeredcomposition does not contain any of the following compounds:hypobromites, hypoiodites, chlorinated trisodium phosphatedodecahydrates, potassium and sodium dichloroisocyanurates,trichlorocyanuric acid, N-chloroimides, N-chloroamides,N-chlorosulfamide, N-chloroamines, chlorohydantoins such asdichlorodimethyl hydantoin and chlorobromo dimethylhydantoin,bromo-compounds corresponding to the chloro-compounds above. The firstpart of the composition preferably does not contain compounds that formor release chlorine dioxide such as sodium chlorite. Preferably thefirst part of the composition also does not contain an oxygen bleach,peroxygen, peroxyhydrate or active oxygen generating compound asdescribed in the following section.

The second part of the solid-layered composition does not contain anyoxidant. Oxidants, when used, include, but are not limited to,hypohalite (including any hypochlorite species), peracids, N-halocompound, hydrogen peroxide, and/or sources of hydrogen peroxide.Therefore, the second part of the solid-layered composition cannotcontain an oxygen bleach, including a peroxygen, peroxyhydrate or activeoxygen generating compound. As used herein a source of hydrogen peroxiderefers to any compound which generates active oxygen when said compoundis in contact with water. Therefore, the second part of thesolid-layered composition cannot contain percarbonates, perborates,preformed percarboxylic acids, persilicates, persulphates, organic andinorganic peroxides and/or hydroperoxides. Additionally, the second partof the solid-layered composition does not contain the followingcompounds: hypochlorites, hypobromites, hypoiodites, hypochlorous,acids, chlorinated trisodium phosphate dodecahydrates, potassium andsodium dichloroisocyanurates, trichloro-cyanuric acid, N-chloroimides,N-chloroamides, N-chlorosulfamide, N-chloroamines, chlorohydantoins suchas dichlorodimethyl hydantoin and chlorobromo dimethylhydantoin,bromo-compounds corresponding to the chloro-compounds above.

The compositions of the present invention do not comprise a peroxygenbleach activator. By “peroxygen bleach activator”, it is meant herein acompound which reacts with peroxygen bleach like hydrogen peroxide toform a peracid. The peracid thus formed constitutes the activatedbleach. Bleach activators that are not to be used in the compositioninclude, but are not limited to, those belonging to the class of esters,amides, imides, or anhydrides. Examples of bleach activators that arenot to be used in the composition include, but are not limited to, TAED,sodium 3,5,5 trimethyl hexanoyloxy-benzene sulphonate, diperoxydodecanoic acid, nonylamide of peroxyadipic acid, nonylamide ofperoxyadipic acid, n-nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (NOBS), acetyl triethylcitrate (ATC), n-alkyl alkyl ammonium acetonitrile activators. Examplesof bleach activators that are not to be used in the composition include,but are not limited to, are N-acyl caprolactams selected from the groupconsisting of substituted or unsubstituted benzoyl caprolactam, octanoylcaprolactam, nonanoyl caprolactam, hexanoyl caprolactam, decanoylcaprolactam, undecenoyl caprolactam, formyl caprolactam, acetylcaprolactam, propanoyl caprolactam, butanoyl caprolactam pentanoylcaprolactam or mixtures thereof.

Suitably, the calcium hypochlorite, magnesium hypochlorite and mixturesthereof in the first part of the solid-layered composition is present inthe composition in an amount ranging from about 0.001% to about 50%,about 0.001% to about 45%, about 0.001% to about 40%, about 0.001% toabout 30%, about 0.001% to about 25%, about 0.001% to about 20%, about0.001% to about 15%, about 0.001% to about 10%, about 0.001% to about5%, about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 15%, about 10% to about20%, about 10% to about 15% and about 15% to about 20%.

Builder

The composition can contain a builder. In one embodiment, the first andsecond part of the solid-layered composition can contain a builder. Inanother embodiment, the first part of the solid-layered composition onlycontains a builder. In another embodiment, the second part of thesolid-layered composition only contains a builder. Suitably, the builderis present in the cleaning composition in an amount ranging from about10% to about 90%, about 20% to about 90%, about 20% to about 80%, about20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 50%, about 30% to about 60%, about35 to about 55%, about 40 to about 50%, about 20% to about 30% to 55%,about 30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 45%, about 30% to about 40%,about 20% to about 60%, about 25% to about 60%, about 20% to about 40%,about 20% to about 30%. The builder can be selected from inorganicbuilders, such as alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal bicarbonate,alkali metal hydroxide, alkali metal silicate and combinations thereof.

The composition can include a builder, which can increase theeffectiveness of the surfactant. The builder can also function as asoftener, a sequestering agent, a buffering agent, or a pH adjustingagent in the cleaning composition. A variety of builders or buffers canbe used and they include, but are not limited to, phosphate-silicatecompounds, zeolites, alkali metal, ammonium and substituted ammoniumpolyacetates, trialkali salts of nitrilotriacetic acid, carboxylates,polycarboxylates, carbonates, bicarbonates, polyphosphates,aminopolycarboxylates, polyhydroxy-sulfonates, and starch derivatives.Builders, when used, include, but are not limited to, organic acids,mineral acids, alkali metal and alkaline earth salts of silicate,metasilicate, polysilicate, borate, sulfates, hydroxide, carbonate,carbamate, phosphate, polyphosphate, pyrophosphates, triphosphates,tetraphosphates, ammonia, hydroxide, monoethanolamine,monopropanolamine, diethanolamine, dipropanol-amine, triethanolamine,and 2-amino-2-methylpropanol. Other suitable buffers include ammoniumcarbamate, citric acid, and acetic acid. Mixtures of any of the aboveare also acceptable. Useful inorganic buffers/alkalinity sourcesinclude, but are not limited to, ammonia, the alkali metal carbonatesand alkali metal phosphates, e.g., sodium carbonate, sodiumpolyphosphate. For additional buffers see WO 95/07971, which isincorporated herein by reference. Other preferred pH adjusting agentsinclude sodium or potassium hydroxide. The term silicate is meant toencompass silicate, metasilicate, polysilicate, aluminosilicate andsimilar compounds. Preferred buffers for both first and second parts ofthe solid-layered composition include carbonate, bicarbonate,sesquicarbonate and mixtures thereof.

Water-Soluble Polymer

The composition can contain a water-soluble polymer. In one embodiment,the first part of the solid-layered composition can contain awater-soluble polymer. In another embodiment, the second part of thesolid-layered composition can contain a water-soluble polymer. Inanother embodiment, the first and second parts of the solid-layeredcomposition can contain a water-soluble polymer. Examples ofwater-soluble polymer include, but are not limited to, polycarboxylate,sulfonated carboxylate, polysulfonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone (“PVP”), andmixtures thereof.

Examples of polycarboxylate include, but are not limited to, polymerswith sufficient carboxylate ions to achieve water solubility.Carboxylate ions may be derived from various monomers including acrylicacid, maleic acid and maleic anhydride. Copolymers of differentcarboxylate-containing monomers are also suitable as well as copolymerswith non carboxylate containing monomers such as methacrylate,acrylonitrile, styrene, ethylene, propylene, and many others. Mixturesof carboxylate containing polymers can also be used.

Suitably, the molecular weight of the water-soluble polymer may bebetween about 1,000 to about 10,000 daltons, about 1,000 to about 8,000daltons, about 1,000 to about 6,000 daltons, about 1,000 to about 5,000daltons, about 1,000 to about 4,000 daltons, about 1,000 to about 2,000daltons, about 2,000 to about 10,000 daltons, about 2,000 to about 8,000daltons, about 2,000 to about 6,000 daltons, about 2,000 to about 5,000daltons, about 2,000 to about 4,000 daltons, about 3,000 to about 10,000daltons, about 3,000 to about 8,000 daltons, about 3,000 to about 6,000daltons, about 3,000 to about 5,000 daltons, about 3,000 to about 5,000daltons, about 4,000 to about 10,000 daltons, about 4,000 to about 8,000daltons, about 4,000 to about 6,000 daltons, about 5,000 to about 10,000daltons, about 5,000 to about 7,500 daltons, and about 7,500 to about10,000 daltons.

Suitably, the water-soluble polymer is present in an amount ranging fromabout 0.1% to about 60%, about 0.1% to about 50%, about 0.1% to about40%, about 0.1% to about 30%, about 0.1% to about 20%, about 0.1% toabout 15%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 5% to about 60%, about 5% toabout 50%, about 5% to about 40%, about 5% to about 30%, about 5% toabout 20%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 60%, about 10% toabout 50%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to20%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 50%, about 20% to about40%, about 20% to about 30%, about 30% to about 60%, about 30% to about50%, about 30% to about 40%, about 40% to about 60%.

Filler

The composition may also optionally contain a filler. In one embodiment,all parts of the solid-layered composition comprise a filler. In anotherembodiment, the first part of the solid-layered composition onlycomprises a filler. In another embodiment, the second part of thesolid-layered composition only comprises a filler. In anotherembodiment, a third part of the solid-layered composition only comprisesa filler. Examples of fillers that can be used with the presentinvention include, but are not limited to, a carbonate, a bicarbonate, asesquicarbonate, a chloride, a sulfate, a phosphate, a silicate, borate,a nitrate, an aluminate, a silica-aluminate, a hydroxide, or an oxidecompound of alkali metals, alkaline earths, aluminum, zinc and tinincluding hydrates, mono, di and tribasic compounds, mixed salts, aborate, a clay, a zeolite, and mixtures thereof. Specific examples offillers include, but are not limited to, sodium carbonate, potassiumcarbonate, zinc carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate,sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, magnesium bicarbonate, sodiumsesquicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, zinc sulfate,magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, sodium phosphate, sodium aluminumphosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate,nesosilicates, sorosilicates, cyclosilicates, inosilicates (single ordouble chain), phyllosilicates, tectosilicates, sodium silicate, borax,boric acid, diborates, triborates, tetraborates, metaborates, sodiumnitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, sodiumaluminate, potassion aluminate, tricalcium aluminate, alumina oxide,magnesium oxide, aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesiumhydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, tin dioxide,titanium dioxide, silica alumina, and zeolite A.

Acid

The composition can contain an acid. In one embodiment, both parts ofthe solid-layered composition comprise an acid. In another embodiment,the first part of the solid-layered composition only comprises an acid.In another embodiment, the second part of the solid-layered compositiononly comprises an acid. Examples of acids that can be used with thepresent invention include, but are not limited to, sulfonic acid,polysulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid, acid sulfate,acid phosphate, phosphonic acid, dicarboxylic acid, monocarboxylic acid,aminocarboxylic acid and mixtures thereof. Specific examples of acids,include but are not limited to, succinic acid, adipic acid, sodiumbisulfate, glutaric acid, 3-pyridine sulfonic acid, dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid, polyacrylic acid, and mixtures thereof.

The first part of the composition does not contain carboxylic acids thathave one or more hydroxyl group moieties. Examples of acids that are notto be used in the composition include, but are not limited to, citricacid, tartaric acid. The first part of the composition also does notcontain aliphatic or aromatic amines that possess a covalently boundproton to the nitrogen moiety. Examples of acids that are not to be usedin the composition include, but are not limited to alanine.

Suitably, the acid is present in an amount ranging from about 0.1% toabout 50%, about 0.1% to about 40%, about 0.1% to about 30%, about 0.1%to about 20%, about 0.1% to about 15%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 5%to about 50%, about 5% to about 40%, about 5% to about 30%, about 5% toabout 20%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 50%, about 10% toabout 40%, about 10% to about 30%, about 10% to 20%, about 20% to about50%, about 20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 30%, about 30% to about50%, about 30% to about 40%, about 40% to about 50%.

Cross-Linked Water-Swellable Polymer

The composition may optionally contain a cross-linked water-swellablepolymer. In one embodiment, the first part of the solid-layeredcomposition only contains a cross-linked water-swellable polymer. Inanother embodiment, the second part of the solid-layered compositiononly contains a cross-linked water-swellable polymer. In anotherembodiment, the first and second parts of the solid-layered compositioncontain a cross-linked water-swellable polymer. Examples ofwater-swellable polymer include, but are not limited to, cross-linkedpolycarboxylate, cross-linked polysulfonate, cross-linkedcarboxymethylcellulose, cross-linked PVP, cross-linked carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and mixturesthereof.

Suitably, the molecular weight of the water-swellable polymer may bebetween about 1,000 to about 10,000 daltons, about 1,000 to about 8,000daltons, about 1,000 to about 6,000 daltons, about 1,000 to about 5,000daltons, about 1,000 to about 4,000 daltons, about 1,000 to about 2,000daltons, about 2,000 to about 10,000 daltons, about 2,000 to about 8,000daltons, about 2,000 to about 6,000 daltons, about 2,000 to about 5,000daltons, about 2,000 to about 4,000 daltons, about 3,000 to about 10,000daltons, about 3,000 to about 8,000 daltons, about 3,000 to about 6,000daltons, about 3,000 to about 5,000 daltons, about 3,000 to about 5,000daltons, about 4,000 to about 10,000 daltons, about 4,000 to about 8,000daltons, about 4,000 to about 6,000 daltons, about 5,000 to about 10,000daltons, about 5,000 to about 7,500 daltons, and about 7,500 to about10,000 daltons.

Suitably, the water-swellable polymer is optionally present in an amountranging from about 0.1% to about 60%, about 0.1% to about 50%, about0.1% to about 40%, about 0.1% to about 30%, about 0.1% to about 20%,about 0.1% to about 15%, about 0.1% to about 10%, about 5% to about 60%,about 5% to about 50%, about 5% to about 40%, about 5% to about 30%,about 5% to about 20%, about 5% to about 10%, about 10% to about 60%,about 10% to about 50%, about 10% to about 40%, about 10% to about 30%,about 10% to 20%, about 20% to about 60%, about 20% to about 50%, about20% to about 40%, about 20% to about 30%, about 30% to about 60%, about30% to about 50%, about 30% to about 40%, about 40% to about 60%.

Functional Ingredients

Functional ingredients are included in the compositions to provide apleasant fragrance, improve soil removal, increase wetting, inhibitcorrosion, or provide other desirable benefits. Example of functionalingredients include, but are not limited to, surfactants, hydrotropes,wetting agents, penetrants, chelating agents, odor masking agents, odorabsorbing agents, colorants, fluorescent whitening agents, flavoringagents, sweeteners, catalysts, potentiators, activating agents,anti-microbial compounds, sporulation agents, corrosion inhibitors,therapeutic agents, viscosity modifiers, and foam stabilizers. In oneembodiment, one functional ingredient may be used. More than onefunctional ingredient may be included to provide multiple benefits. Inanother embodiment, the functional ingredient may be in the second partof the composition (i.e., hypochlorite would be in the first part) Insome cases combinations of different types of functional ingredients maybe preferred. For example including an odor absorbing agent with an odormasking agent or fragrance may provide better odor control than whenonly one of these ingredients are present. In another example combiningsurfactants with hydrotropes or wetting agents may synergisticallyenhance cleaning or antimicrobial properties. The functional ingredientsmay be present in the second part at a level of from about 0.1% to about99%, or from about 0.1% to about 80%, or from about 0.1% to about 60%,or from about 0.1% to about 40%, or from about 0.1% to about 20%, orfrom about 0.1% to about 15% or from about 0.1% to about 10% or fromabout 0.1% to about 5% or from about 0.1% to about 1%, or from about0.01% to about 1%, or from about 5% to about 50%, or from about 5% toabout 25% or from about 5% to about 15%, or from about 5% to about 10%,or from about 10% to about 60%, or from about 10% to about 40%, or fromabout 10% to about 20%, or from about 20% to about 60%, or about 20% toabout 40%, or about 15% to about 25%.

Surfactant

The composition may contain one or more surfactants selected fromnonionic, anionic, cationic, ampholytic, amphoteric and zwitterionicsurfactants and mixtures thereof. Preferably, the surfactant is presentin the second part of the solid-layered composition. A typical listingof anionic, ampholytic, and zwitterionic classes, and species of thesesurfactants, is given in U.S. Pat. No. 3,929,678 to Laughlin andHeuring. A list of suitable cationic surfactants is given in U.S. Pat.No. 4,259,217 to Murphy.

The composition may comprise an anionic surfactant. Essentially anyanionic surfactants useful for detersive purposes can be used in thecleaning composition. These can include salts (including, for example,sodium, potassium, ammonium, and substituted ammonium salts such asmono-, di- and tri-ethanolamine salts) of the anionic sulfate,sulfonate, carboxylate and sarcosinate surfactants. Anionic surfactantsmay comprise a sulfonate or a sulfate surfactant. Anionic surfactantsmay comprise an alkyl sulfate, a linear or branched alkyl benzenesulfonate, or an alkyldiphenyloxide disulfonate, as described herein.

Other anionic surfactants include the isethionates such as the acylisethionates, N-acyl taurates, fatty acid amides of methyl tauride,alkyl succinates and sulfosuccinates, monoesters of sulfosuccinate (forinstance, saturated and unsaturated C12-C18 monoesters) diesters ofsulfosuccinate (for instance saturated and unsaturated C6-C14 diesters),N-acyl sarcosinates. Resin acids and hydrogenated resin acids are alsosuitable, such as rosin, hydrogenated rosin, and resin acids andhydrogenated resin acids present in or derived from tallow oil. Anionicsulfate surfactants suitable for use herein include the linear andbranched primary and secondary alkyl sulfates, alkyl ethoxysulfates,fatty oleoyl glycerol sulfates, alkyl phenol ethylene oxide ethersulfates, the C5-C17acyl-N—(C1-C4 alkyl) and —N—(C1-C2 hydroxyalkyl)glucamine sulfates, and sulfates of alkylpolysacchanides such as thesulfates of alkylpolyglucoside (the nonionic nonsulfated compounds beingdescribed herein). Alkyl sulfate surfactants may be selected from thelinear and branched primary C10-C18 alkyl sulfates, the C11-C15 branchedchain alkyl sulfates, or the C12-C14 linear chain alkyl sulfates.

Alkyl ethoxysulfate surfactants may be selected from the groupconsisting of the C10-C18 alkyl sulfates, which have been ethoxylatedwith from 0.5 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide per molecule. The alkylethoxysulfate surfactant may be a C11-C18, or a C11-C15 alkyl sulfatewhich has been ethoxylated with from 0.5 to 7, or from 1 to 5, moles ofethylene oxide per molecule. One aspect of the invention employsmixtures of the alkyl sulfate and/or sulfonate and alkyl ethoxysulfatesurfactants. Such mixtures have been disclosed in PCT Patent ApplicationNo. WO 93/18124.

Anionic sulfonate surfactants suitable for use herein include the saltsof C5-C20 linear alkylbenzene sulfonates, alkyl ester sulfonates, C6-C22primary or secondary alkane sulfonates, C6-C24 olefin sulfonates,sulfonated polycarboxylic acids, alkyl glycerol sulfonates, fatty acylglycerol sulfonates, fatty oleyl glycerol sulfonates, and any mixturesthereof. Suitable anionic carboxylate surfactants include the alkylethoxy carboxylates, the alkyl polyethoxy polycarboxylate surfactantsand the soaps (‘alkyl carboxyls’), especially certain secondary soaps asdescribed herein. Suitable alkyl ethoxy carboxylates include those withthe formulaRO(CH₂CH₂O)_(x)CH₂COO⁻M⁺wherein R is a C6 to C18 alkyl group, x ranges from 0 to 10, and theethoxylate distribution is such that, on a weight basis, the amount ofmaterial where x is 0 is less than 20% and M is a cation. Suitable alkylpolyethoxypolycarboxylate surfactants include those having the formulaRO—(CHR¹—CHR²—O)—R³ wherein R is a C6 to C18 alkyl group, x is from 1 to25, R¹ and R² are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methylacid radical, succinic acid radical, hydroxysuccinic acid radical, andmixtures thereof, and R³ is selected from the group consisting ofhydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon having between 1 and8 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof.

Suitable soap surfactants include the secondary soap surfactants, whichcontain a carboxyl unit connected to a secondary carbon. Suitablesecondary soap surfactants for use herein are water-soluble membersselected from the group consisting of the water-soluble salts of2-methyl-1-undecanoic acid, 2-ethyl-1-decanoic acid, 2-propyl-1-nonanoicacid, 2-butyl-1-octanoic acid and 2-pentyl-1-heptanoic acid. Certainsoaps may also be included as suds suppressors.

Other suitable anionic surfactants are the alkali metal sarcosinates offormula R—CON(R¹)CH—)COOM, wherein R is a C5-C17 linear or branchedalkyl or alkenyl group, R¹ is a C1-C4 alkyl group and M is an alkalimetal ion. Examples are the myristyl and oleoyl methyl sarcosinates inthe form of their sodium salts.

Other suitable surfactants include fatty acid sarosinates which aremild, biodegradable anionic surfactants derived from fatty acids andsarcosine (amino acid). Sarcosine is the N-methyl derivative of glycine.Sarcosine is a natural amino acid found in muscles and other tissues.Sarcosine is found naturally as an intermediate in the metabolism ofcholine to glycine. In a preferred embodiment, the sarcosines are acylsarcosines. Examples of acyl sarcosines include, but are not limited to,cocoyl sarcosine, lauroyl sarcosine, myristoyl sarcosine, oleoylsarcosine, stearoyl sarcosine which are modified fatty acids. The saltsof acyl sarcosines are referred to acyl sarcosinates. Acyl sarcosinatesuseful herein include, for example, those having a formula:RCON(CH₃)CH2COOXwherein R is an alkyl or alkenyl having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms,preferably from 12 to 18 carbon atoms, more preferably from 12 to 14carbon atoms; and X is a sodium, potassium, ammonium, ortriethanolamine.

Examples of acyl sarcosinates that can be used with the presentinvention include, but not limited to, sodium coccyl sarcosinate, sodiumlauroyl sarcosinate and sodium myristoyl sarcosinate, sodium oleoylsarcosinate, sodium stearoyl sarcosinate, ammonium coccyl sarcosinate,ammonium lauroyl sarcosinate and ammonium myristoyl sarcosinate,ammonium oleoyl sarcosinate and ammonium stearoyl sarcosinate.Commercially available preferred acyl sarcosinates include, but are notlimited to, for example, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate having the tradenameHamposyl® L30 which is available from Hampshire Chemicals, and sodiumcocoyl sarcosinate having the tradename Hamposyl® C30 which is availablefrom Hampshire Chemicals.

Other suitable surfactants include fatty alcohol sulfate which has ahigher alcohol or alkyl group is normally in the range of 10 to 18carbon atoms. The cation will almost invariably be sodium or willinclude sodium, although other cations, such as triethanolamine,potassium, ammonium, magnesium and calcium. Preferred fatty alcoholsulfates are those wherein the fatty alcohol is essentially saturatedand is of carbon content(s) within the 10 to 18 carbon atoms range,preferably 10 or 12 to 14 or 16 carbon atoms, such as 12 to 16, or thatis derived from coconut oil (coco), palm oil, or palm kernel oil. Laurylsulfates, and particularly, sodium lauryl sulfate, are preferred primarydetergents but such designation also may apply to such detergentswherein the carbon chain length of the alcohol is not limited to 12carbon atoms, but is primarily (over 50% and normally over 70 or 75%) of12 to 14 carbon atoms. Such materials may be obtained from naturalsources, such as coconut oil and palm kernel oil. In one embodiment, thefatty alcohol sulfate is a C12-C18 fatty alcohol sulfate. In anotherembodiment, the fatty alcohol sulfate is a C12-C16 fatty alcoholsulfate. In another embodiment, the fatty alcohol sulfate is a C12-C14fatty alcohol sulfate. In another embodiment, the fatty alcohol is a C12fatty alcohol sulfate. In another embodiment, the fatty alcohol sulfateis sodium lauryl sulfate. In a specific embodiment, the fatty alcoholsulfate is a sodium coco fatty alcohol sulfate.

Suitable amphoteric surfactants for use herein include the amine oxidesurfactants and the alkyl amphocarboxylic acids. Suitable amine oxidesinclude those compounds having the formula R³(OR⁴)_(x)NO(R⁵)₂ wherein R³is selected from an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, acylamidopropyl and alkylphenylgroup, or mixtures thereof, containing from 8 to 26 carbon atoms; R⁴ isan alkylene or hydroxyalkylene group containing from 2 to 3 carbonatoms, or mixtures thereof, x is from 0 to 5, preferably from 0 to 3;and each R⁵ is an alkyl or hydroxyalkyl group containing from 1 to 3, ora polyethylene oxide group containing from 1 to 3 ethylene oxide groups.Suitable amine oxides are C10-C18 alkyl dimethylamine oxide, and C10-18acylamido alkyl dimethylamine oxide. A suitable example of an alkylamphodicarboxylic acid is Miranol™ C2M Conc. manufactured by Miranol,Inc., Dayton, N.J.

Zwitterionic surfactants can also be incorporated into the cleaningcompositions. These surfactants can be broadly described as derivativesof secondary and tertiary amines, derivatives of heterocyclic secondaryand tertiary amines, or derivatives of quaternary ammonium, quaternaryphosphonium or tertiary sulfonium compounds. Betaine and sultainesurfactants are exemplary zwittenionic surfactants for use herein.

Suitable betaines are those compounds having the formula R(R¹)₂N⁺R²COO⁻wherein R is a C6-C18 hydrocarbyl group, each R¹ is typically C1-C3alkyl, and R² is a C1-C5 hydrocarbyl group. Suitable betaines are C12-18dimethyl-ammonio hexanoate and the C10-18 acylamidopropane (or ethane)dimethyl (or diethyl) betaines. Complex betaine surfactants are alsosuitable for use herein.

Suitable cationic surfactants to be used herein include the quaternaryammonium surfactants. The quaternary ammonium surfactant may be a monoC6-C16, or a C6-C10 N-alkyl or alkenyl ammonium surfactant wherein theremaining N positions are substituted by methyl, hydroxyethyl orhydroxypropyl groups. Suitable are also the mono-alkoxylated andbis-alkoxylated amine surfactants. Additional suitable cationicsurfactants include coco fatty acid diethanolamine, hydrogenated palmtea ester quat, and cationic ethyoxylate fatty acids.

Another suitable group of cationic surfactants, which can be used in thecleaning compositions, are cationic ester surfactants. The cationicester surfactant is a compound having surfactant properties comprisingat least one ester (i.e. —COO—) linkage and at least one cationicallycharged group. Suitable cationic ester surfactants, including cholineester surfactants, have for example been disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos.4,228,042, 4,239,660 and 4,260,529. The ester linkage and cationicallycharged group may be separated from each other in the surfactantmolecule by a spacer group consisting of a chain comprising at leastthree atoms (i.e. of three atoms chain length), or from three to eightatoms, or from three to five atoms, or three atoms. The atoms formingthe spacer group chain are selected from the group consisting, ofcarbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms and any mixtures thereof, with theproviso that any nitrogen or oxygen atom in said chain connects onlywith carbon atoms in the chain. Thus spacer groups having, for example,—O—O— (i.e. peroxide), —N—N—, and —N—O— linkages are excluded, whilstspacer groups having, for example —CH₂—O—, CH₂— and —CH₂—NH—CH₂—linkages are included. The spacer group chain may comprise only carbonatoms, or the chain is a hydrocarbyl chain.

The cleaning composition may comprise cationic mono-alkoxylated aminesurfactants, for instance, of the general formula: R¹R²R³N⁺ApR⁴X⁻wherein R¹ is an alkyl or alkenyl moiety containing from about 6 toabout 18 carbon atoms, or from 6 to about 16 carbon atoms, or from about6 to about 14 carbon atoms; R² and R³ are each independently alkylgroups containing from one to about three carbon atoms, for instance,methyl, for instance, both R² and R³ are methyl groups; R⁴ is selectedfrom hydrogen, methyl and ethyl; X⁻ is an anion such as chloride,bromide, methylsulfate, sulfate, or the like, to provide electricalneutrality; A is a alkoxy group, especially a ethoxy, propoxy or butoxygroup; and p is from 0 to about 30, or from 2 to about 15, or from 2 toabout 8. The ApR⁴ group in the formula may have p=1 and is ahydroxyalkyl group, having no greater than 6 carbon atoms whereby the—OH group is separated from the quaternary ammonium nitrogen atom by nomore than 3 carbon atoms. Suitable ApR⁴ groups are —CH₂CH₂—OH,—CH₂CH₂CH₂—OH, —CH₂CH(CH₃)—OH and —CH(CH₃)CH₂—OH. Suitable R¹ groups arelinear alkyl groups, for instance, linear R¹ groups having from 8 to 14carbon atoms.

Suitable cationic mono-alkoxylated amine surfactants for use herein areof the formula R¹(CH₃)(CH₃)N⁺(CH₂CH₂O)₂₋₅HX⁻ wherein R¹ is C10-C18hydrocarbyl and mixtures thereof, especially C10-C14 alkyl, or C10 andC12 alkyl, and X is any convenient anion to provide charge balance, forinstance, chloride or bromide.

As noted, compounds of the foregoing type include those wherein theethoxy (CH₂CH₂O) units (EO) are replaced by butoxy, isopropoxy[CH(CH₃)CH₂O] and [CH₂CH(CH₃)O] units (i-Pr) or n-propoxy units (Pr), ormixtures of EO and/or Pr and/or i-Pr units.

The cationic bis-alkoxylated amine surfactant may have the generalformula: R¹R²N⁺ApR³A′qR⁴X⁻ wherein R¹ is an alkyl or alkenyl moietycontaining from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, or from 10 to about 16carbon atoms, or from about 10 to about 14 carbon atoms; R² is an alkylgroup containing from one to three carbon atoms, for instance, methyl;R³ and R⁴ can vary independently and are selected from hydrogen, methyland ethyl, X⁻ is an anion such as chloride, bromide, methylsulfate,sulfate, or the like, sufficient to provide electrical neutrality. A andA′ can vary independently and are each selected from C1-C4 alkoxy, forinstance, ethoxy, (i.e., —CH₂CH₂O—), propoxy, butoxy and mixturesthereof, p is from 1 to about 30, or from 1 to about 4 and q is from 1to about 30, or from 1 to about 4, or both p and q are 1.

Suitable cationic bis-alkoxylated amine surfactants for use herein areof the formula R¹CH₃N⁺(CH₂CH₂OH)(CH₂CH₂OH) X⁻, wherein R¹ is C10-C18hydrocarbyl and mixtures thereof, or C10, C12, C14 alkyl and mixturesthereof, X⁻ is any convenient anion to provide charge balance, forexample, chloride. With reference to the general cationicbis-alkoxylated amine structure noted above, since in one examplecompound R¹ is derived from (coconut) C12-C14 alkyl fraction fattyacids, R² is methyl and ApR³ and A′qR⁴ are each monoethoxy.

Other cationic bis-alkoxylated amine surfactants useful herein includecompounds of the formula: R¹R²N⁺—(CH₂CH₂O)_(p)H—(CH₂CH₂O)_(g)HX⁻ whereinR¹ is C10-C18 hydrocarbyl, or C10-C14 alkyl, independently p is 1 toabout 3 and q is 1 to about 3, R² is C1-C3 alkyl, for example, methyl,and X⁻ is an anion, for example, chloride or bromide.

Other compounds of the foregoing type include those wherein the ethoxy(CH₂CH₂O) units (EO) are replaced by butoxy (Bu) isopropoxy[CH(CH₃)CH₂O] and [CH₂CH(CH₃)O] units (i-Pr) or n-propoxy units (Pr), ormixtures of EO and/or Pr and/or i-Pr units.

The inventive compositions may include at least one fluorosurfactantselected from nonionic fluorosurfactants, cationic fluorosurfactants,and mixtures thereof which are soluble or dispersible in the aqueouscompositions being taught herein, sometimes compositions which do notinclude further detersive surfactants, or further organic solvents, orboth. Suitable nonionic fluorosurfactant compounds are found among thematerials presently commercially marketed under the tradename Fluorad®(ex. 3M Corp.) Exemplary fluorosurfactants include those sold asFluorad® FC-740, generally described to be fluorinated alkyl esters;Fluorad® FC-430, generally described to be fluorinated alkyl esters;Fluorad® FC-431, generally described to be fluorinated alkyl esters;and, Fluorad® FC-17β-C, which is generally described as beingfluorinated alkyl polyoxyethlene ethanols.

An example of a suitable cationic fluorosurfactant compound has thefollowing structure: C_(n)F_(2n+1)SO₂NHC₃H₆N⁺(CH₃)₃I⁻ where n˜8. Thiscationic fluorosurfactant is available under the tradename Fluorad®FC-135 from 3M. Another example of a suitable cationic fluorosurfactantis F₃—(CF₂)_(n)—(CH₂)_(m)SCH₂CHOH—CH₂—N⁺R¹R₂R₃Cl⁻wherein: n is 5-9 and m is 2, and R₁, R₂ and R₃ are —CH₃. This cationicfluorosurfactant is available under the tradename ZONYL® FSD (availablefrom DuPont, described as2-hydroxy-3-((gamma-omega-perfluoro-C₆₋₂₀-alkyl)thio)-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propylammonium chloride). Other cationic fluorosurfactants suitable for use inthe present invention are also described in EP 866,115 to Leach andNiwata. The fluorosurfactant selected from the group of nonionicfluorosurfactant, cationic fluorosurfactant, and mixtures thereof may bepresent in amounts of from 0.001 to 5% wt., preferably from 0.01 to 1%wt., and more preferably from 0.01 to 0.5% wt.

The composition may comprise a nonionic surfactant. Essentially anyalkoxylated nonionic surfactants are suitable herein, for instance,ethoxylated and propoxylated nonionic surfactants. Alkoxylatedsurfactants can be selected from the classes of the nonionic condensatesof alkyl phenols, nonionic ethoxylated alcohols, nonionicethoxylated/propoxylated fatty alcohols, nonionic ethoxylate/propoxylatecondensates with propylene glycol, and the nonionic ethoxylatecondensation products with propylene oxide/ethylene diamine adducts.

The condensation products of aliphatic alcohols with from 1 to 25 molesof alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide,are suitable for use herein. The alkyl chain of the aliphatic alcoholcan either be straight or branched, primary or secondary, and generallycontains from 6 to 22 carbon atoms. Also suitable are the condensationproducts of alcohols having an alkyl group containing from 8 to 20carbon atoms with from 2 to 10 moles of ethylene oxide per mole ofalcohol.

Polyhydroxy fatty acid amides suitable for use herein are those havingthe structural formula R²CONR′Z wherein: R¹ is H, C1-C4 hydrocarbyl,2-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, ethoxy, propoxy, or a mixture thereof,for instance, C1-C4 alkyl, or C1 or C2 alkyl; and R² is a C5-C31hydrocarbyl, for instance, straight-chain C5-C19 alkyl or alkenyl, orstraight-chain C9-C17 alkyl or alkenyl, or straight-chain C11-C17 alkylor alkenyl, or mixture thereof-, and Z is a polyhydroxyhydrocarbylhaving a linear hydrocarbyl chain with at least 3 hydroxyls directlyconnected to the chain, or an alkoxylated derivative (for example,ethoxylated or propoxylated) thereof. Z may be derived from a reducingsugar in a reductive amination reaction, for example, Z is a glycityl.

Suitable fatty acid amide surfactants include those having the formula:R¹CON(R²)₂ wherein R¹ is an alkyl group containing from 7 to 21, or from9 to 17 carbon atoms and each R² is selected from the group consistingof hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 hydroxyalkyl, and —(C2H₄O)_(x)H, where xis in the range of from 1 to 3.

Suitable alkylpolysaccharides for use herein are disclosed in U.S. Pat.No. 4,565,647 to Llenado, having a hydrophobic group containing from 6to 30 carbon atoms and a polysaccharide, e.g., a polyglycoside,hydrophilic group containing from 1.3 to 10 saccharide units.Alkylpolyglycosides may have the formula:R²O(C_(n)H_(2n)O)_(t)(glycosyl)_(x) wherein R² is selected from thegroup consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkyl,hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which the alkyl groupscontain from 10 to 18 carbon atoms; n is 2 or 3; t is from 0 to 10, andx is from 1.3 to 8. The glycosyl may be derived from glucose.

Other suitable nonionic surfactants are food safe nonionic surfactants.Examples of food safe nonionic surfactants are sucrose esters, such assucrose cocoate available from Croda, and sorbitan esters, such aspolyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monooleate from J. T. Baker andpolyoxyethylene(20) sorbitan monolaurate from Uniquema. Other examplesof food safe nonionic surfactants are given in Generally Recognized AsSafe (GRAS) lists, as described below.

In a preferred embodiment, the compositions may specifically containalkyl polyglucoside (“APG”) surfactant. Suitable alkyl polyglucosidesurfactants are the alkylpolysaccharides that are disclosed in U.S. Pat.No. 5,776,872 to Giret et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,883,059 to Furman et al.;U.S. Pat. No. 5,883,062 to Addison et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,906,973to Ouzounis et al., which are all incorporated by reference. Suitablealkyl polyglucosides for use herein are also disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.4,565,647 to Llenado describing alkylpolyglucosides having a hydrophobicgroup containing from about 6 to about 30 carbon atoms, or from about 10to about 16 carbon atoms and polysaccharide, e.g., a polyglycoside,hydrophilic group containing from about 1.3 to about 10, or from about1.3 to about 3, or from about 1.3 to about 2.7 saccharide units.Optionally, there can be a polyalkyleneoxide chain joining thehydrophobic moiety and the polysaccharide moiety. A suitablealkyleneoxide is ethylene oxide. Typical hydrophobic groups includealkyl groups, either saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranchedcontaining from about 8 to about 18, or from about 10 to about 16,carbon atoms. Suitably, the alkyl group can contain up to about 3hydroxy groups and/or the polyalkyleneoxide chain can contain up toabout 10, or less than about 5, alkyleneoxide moieties. Suitable alkylpolysaccharides are octyl, nonyldecyl, undecyldodecyl, tridecyl,tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, and octadecyl, di-, tri-,tetra-, penta-, and hexaglucosides, galactosides, lactosides, glucoses,fructosides, fructoses and/or galactoses. Suitable mixtures includecoconut alkyl, di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentaglucosides and tallow alkyltetra-, penta-, and hexaglucosides.

Suitable alkylpolyglycosides (or alkylpolyglucosides) have the formula:R²O(C_(n)H_(2n)O)_(t)(glucosyl)_(x) wherein R² is selected from thegroup consisting of alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkyl,hydroxyalkylphenyl, and mixtures thereof in which the alkyl groupscontain from about 10 to about 18, preferably from about 12 to about 14,carbon atoms; n is about 2 or about 3, preferably about 2; t is from 0to about 10, preferably 0; and x is from about 1.3 to about 10,preferably from about 1.3 to about 3, most preferably from about 1.3 toabout 2.7. The glycosyl is preferably derived from glucose. To preparethese compounds, the alcohol or alkylpolyethoxy alcohol is formed firstand then reacted with glucose, or a source of glucose, to form theglucoside (attachment at the 1-position). The additional glycosyl unitscan then be attached between their 1-position and the preceding glycosylunits 2-, 3-, 4- and/or 6-position, preferably predominantely the2-position.

A group of alkyl glycoside surfactants suitable for use in the practiceof this invention may be represented by formula I below:RO—(R²O)_(y)-(G)_(x)Z_(b)Iwherein R is a monovalent organic radical containing from about 6 toabout 30 (preferably from about 8 to about 18) carbon atoms; R² is adivalent hydrocarbon radical containing from about 2 to about 4 carbonatoms; 0 is an oxygen atom; y is a number which has an average valuefrom about 0 to about 1 and is preferably 0; G is a moiety derived froma reducing saccharide containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms; and x is a numberhaving an average value from about 1 to 5 (preferably from 1.1 to 2); Zis O₂M¹, O₂CR³, O(CH₂), CO₂M¹, OSO₃M¹, or O(CH₂)SO₃M¹; R³ is (CH₂)CO₂M¹or CH═CHCO₂M¹; (with the proviso that Z can be O₂M¹ only if Z is inplace of a primary hydroxyl group in which the primary hydroxyl-bearingcarbon atom, —CH₂OH, is oxidized to form a —CO₂M¹ group); b is a numberfrom 0 to 3x+1 preferably an average of from 0.5 to 2 per glycosalgroup; p is 1 to 10, M¹ is H⁺ or an organic or inorganic cation, suchas, for example, an alkali metal, ammonium, monoethanolamine, orcalcium. As defined in Formula I, R is generally the residue of a fattyalcohol having from about 8 to 30 or 8 to 18 carbon atoms. Suitablealkylglycosides include, for example, APG 325® (a C9-C11 alkylpolyglycoside available from Cognis Corporation), APG 625® (a C10-C16alkyl polyglycoside available from Cognis Corporation), Dow Triton®CG110 (a C8-C10 alkyl polyglycoside available from Dow ChemicalCompany), AG6202® (a C8 alkyl polyglycoside available from Akzo Nobel)Glucopon® 425N (a C8-C16 alkyl polyglycoside available from CognisCorporation), Glucopon® 215 (a C8-C10 alkyl polyglycoside available fromCognis Corporation), Glucpon® 225 (a C8-C10 alkyl polyglycosideavailable from Cognis Corporation) and Alkadet 150 (a C8-C10 alkylpolyglycoside available from Huntsman Corporation). A C8 to C10alkylpoly-glucoside includes alkylpolyglucosides wherein the alkyl groupis substantially C8 alkyl, substantially C10 alkyl, or a mixture ofsubstantially C8 and C10 alkyl. Additionally, short chain APGs such asC4 and/or C6 or mixtures thereof will be suitable with the presentinvention.Hydrotrope

The composition may include one or more hydrotropes for solubilizing theother components of the composition upon addition of water. Thehydrotrope solubilizing materials, when used, include, but are notlimited to, water soluble salts of low molecular weight organic acidssuch as the alkali metal (sodium and/or potassium) salts of aromaticsulfonic acids, aliphatic sulfates, aliphatic sulfonates, and aliphaticcarboxylates. Specific exemplary materials include, but are not limitedto, toluene sulfonate, cumene sulfonate, xylene sulfonate, naphthalenesulfonate, methyl naphthalene sulfonate, octyl sulfate, octyl sulfonate,octanoic acid, decanoic acid, and combinations thereof.

Wetting Agent

Wetting of surfaces and penetration into pores and crevices can improvecleaning and disinfection. Examples of wetting agents includeingredients described in the sections for water soluble polymers,surfactants, and hydrotropes. Other example wetting agents include, butare not limited to, nonionic water soluble polymers. These includepolymers of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, copolymers, and mixturesthereof.

Dispersant

A dispersant may be included to help remove soils and microorganism fromarticles and surfaces. Examples of dispersants include, but are notlimited to, ingredients described in the sections for water solublepolymers, surfactants, hydrotropes, and wetting agents.

Penetrant

A penetrant increases the rate hypochlorite ion or hypochlorous acidinteracts with a soil, stain or microorganism. For example, cationicsurfactants may act as phase transfer agents for the hypochlorous acidor hypochlorite ion. Particular exemplary cationic surfactants arealkyltrimethylammonium, alkylpryidinium, and alkylethylmorpholiniumsalts, in which the alkyl group preferably contains 4 to 18 carbonatoms, most preferably 12 to 16 carbon atoms. The alkyl chains may belinear or branched or contain an aryl group. The counterion ispreferably, but not limited to, chloride, sulfate, methylsulfate,ethylsulfate, or toluene sulfonate. Other suitable cationic surfactantsinclude dialkyldimethyl ammonium salts, in which the alkyl groups eachcontain 4 to 12 carbon atoms such as dioctyldimethylammonium chloride.Other suitable cationic surfactants may have two quaternary ammoniumgroups connected by a short alkyl chain such as N-alkylpentamethylpropane diammonium chloride. In the above cationic surfactants themethyl substituents can be completely or partially replaced by otheralkyl or aryl substituents such as ethyl, propyl, butyl, benzyl, andethylbenzyl groups, for example octyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chlorideand tetrabutylammonium chloride. Cationic polymers may also function asphase transfer agents. Examples, include but are not limited, topolymers and copolymers of alkenes with quaternary ammonium groups suchas vinyl alkyl trimethylammonium, vinyl N-alkyl pyridinium, and vinylN-alkylmorpholinium. A preferred cationic polymer is DADMAC, polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride.

Chelating Agent

Exemplary chelating agents include, but are not limited to, complexingagents such as the amine oxides of amino methylphosphonic acids (e.g.aminotri(methylene phosphonic acid) N-oxide and ethylenediaminetetra(methylene phosphonic acid) N,N′-dioxide), organophosphonates (e.g.1-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid, phosphonohydroxyacetic acid,and 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid), organocarboxylates(e.g. dipicolinic acid, 2-oxa-1,3,4 butane tricarboxylate and2-oxa-1,1,3 propane tricarboxylate), and organosulfonates (e.g. sodiumxylene sulfonate and sodium methylnaphthalene sulfonate) Various anionicor zwitterionic surfactants that may bind to cations and inhibit theirprecipitation are also suitable chelating agents. Preferred surfactantsinteract with calcium ions and may be classified as lime-scaledispersants. These include C6-C18 alkyl betaines (e.g. decylbetaine andcetylbetaine), C6-C18 acyl sarcosinates (e.g. sodiumlauroylsarcosinate), C6-C18 acyl C1-C6 alkyl taurates (e.g. sodiumcocoylmethyltaurate), and C6-C18 alkyl-iminodipropionates (e.g. sodiumlauryliminodipropionate), C6-C18 alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl ethersulfates, C6-C18 alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl ether methylsulfonates,C6-C18 alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl ether carboxylates, sulfonatedalkyldiphenyloxides (e.g. sodium dodecyldiphenyloxide disulfonate), andmono or di esters of phosphoric acid with C4-C18 alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl,alkylether, arylether and alkylarylether alcohols (e.g. disodium octylphosphate). Various polymers and oligomers are also suitable chelatingagents. These include: polycarboxylate polymers made from acrylic acidand maleic acid, optionally with copolymers of various olefins,methacrylate, styrene, methylvinylether, vinylpyrrolidone, alkenes withquaternary ammonium groups such as vinyl alkyl trimethylammonium, vinylN-alkyl pyridinium, and vinyl N-alkylmorpholinium. etc. Sulfonate groupscan be included using sulfonated styrene or other sulfonated alkenes.Polysulfonated polymeric dispersants can also be made by sulfonatingvarious alkyl or aryl polymers. Sulfonated napthalene formaldehydecopolymers are also useful. Typically the water soluble polymer oroligomer will have 3 to 10,000 monomer units, more preferably 20 to2,000 monomer units. Combinations of polymers with complexing agents areoften more effective than either agent alone. Thus, mixtures ofchelating agents from two or more of the above classes may be desired.

Odor Absorbent

While many odors are effectively controlled by hypochlorite ion orhypochlorous acid, additional ingredients to control odors may beincluded. Examples of odor absorbents include, but are not limited to,starches, cyclodextrins, activated carbon, zinc ricinoleate, puffedborax, silica, silica gel, fumed silica, precipitated silica, alumina,clay, and zeolites.

Fragrance

Fragrances can be included to improve the odor of the composition, thesolution made by dissolving the composition in water, or the article,surface or area that is contacted by this solution. Fragrances may be asingle compound such as linalool or a mixture of compounds.

Flavoring Agent

Exemplary flavoring agent may include, but are not limited to,wintergreen oil (methyl salicylate), oil of peppermint, oil of sassafras(synthetic), oil of anise, or combinations thereof.

Sweetener

In addition to a flavoring agent, the composition can include asweetener. Suitable sweeteners include, but are not limited to, variousnatural and/or synthetic sweeteners (e.g., sugar alcohols) such assaccharin, stevia, aspartame, sucralose, neotame, acesulfame potassium,dextrose, sucrose, levulose (i.e., fructose), xylitol, maltodextrin,sorbitol and mixtures thereof.

Colorant

Colorants may be used to color one or more parts of the solidcomposition, or they may be used to color the solution after thecomposition is dissolved in water. For example any food coloring—red,green, blue, etc. may be included. Other examples of colorants include,but are not limited to, inorganic pigments such as cobalt blue,ultramarine blue, permanganate and chromate. Organic dyes and pigmentssuch as substituted phthalocyanines, substituted anthraquinones,substituted stilbenes, and substituted indanthrones may be suitable.Some specific examples of suitable colorants include, but are notlimited to, Pigment Blue 14, Pigment Blue 15, Pigment Blue 16, PigmentBlue 28, Pigment Green 7, Pigment Green 36, Pigment Yellow 108, DirectYellow 6, Direct Yellow 28, Direct Yellow 29, Direct Yellow 39, DirectYellow 96.

Corrosion Inhibitors

The composition may contain precipitated or fumed colloidal silica or asilicate salt with the molar ratio of SiO₂ to Na₂O of 1-3 to preventdulling of metal appliances such as braces. Other examples of suitablecorrosion inhibitors include, but are not limited to, zinc oxide, zincphosphate, other phosphate salts, ascorbic acid, cinnamaldehyde,nitrites, dimethylethanolamine, phenylenediamine, hexamine,benzotriazole, benzalkonium chloride, derivatives of tannic acid,morpholine, imidazoline, aliphatic amines, borax, salts of fatty acids,salts of aliphatic or aromatic sulfonic acids, and mixtures thereof.

Viscosity Modifier

Viscosity modifiers can be included to modify the rheology of thesolution after the composition is dissolved in water. Suitablethickening agents include, for example, natural and synthetic gums orgum like materials such as gum tragacanth, carboxymethylcellulose,polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and/or starch. Linear or branched polycarboxylatepolymers are also suitable, especially various high molecular weightpolycarboxylates with multiple chains that are linked together assubstituents on a multi-functional molecule to create a star-likemolecule. Inorganic thickeners including alumina, various clays,organo-modified clays, aluminates and silicates are also suitablethickening agents. Thickening can also be achieved using combinations ofoppositely charged or psuedo-charged surfactants or combinations ofsurfactants and polymers. Examples include combinations of anionicsurfactants such as fatty acids, alkyl sulfates, or alkyl sulfonateswith cationic polymers such as DADMAC, polyallyldimethylammoniumchloride, combinations of cationic or psuedo cationic surfactants suchas alkyl pyridinium salts, alkyltrimethyl ammonium saltsalkyldimethylamine oxides, alkyl betaines, or acylsarcosinates withanionic polymers, anionic surfactants, arylsulfonates, or substitutedaryl sulfonates, and surfactants such as alkylether sulfates thatthicken by balancing the alkyl chain length with the number of etherlinkages.

Foam Booster

Foam can be created by effervescence from the reaction of a carbonatebuilder with the acid. It will be enhanced by the inclusion of asurfactant. Certain combinations of surfactants will synergisticallyincrease the amount and longevity of the foam. In addition otheringredients such as water soluble polymers and viscosity modifiers canincrease the amount or longevity of the foam. The formulation can alsoinclude a foam booster to increase the amount or longevity of foam.Example foam boosters include, but are not limited to, fatty acidamides, alkoxylated fatty acid amides, fatty acid amides ofalkanolamines, fatty acid amides of alkoxylated alkanolamines, and fattyacid amides of alkanolamide esters.

Defoamer

Examples of defoamers or foam control agents include, but are notlimited to, alkoxylated alcohols capped with aliphatic ethers,polyglycol ethers, polyglycol esters, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropyleneblock copolymers, silica, fumed silica, silicones, aminosilicones,silicone blends, and/or silicone/hydrocarbon blends and mixturesthereof.

Other Functional Ingredients

A variety of other functional ingredients can also be included dependingon the intended use of the composition. Examples of other functionalingredients include, but are not limited to, stain and soil repellants,fluorescent whitening agents, enzymes, cloud point modifiers,anti-microbial agents, sporulation agents, catalysts or activators forhypochlorite ion or hypochlorous acid, and therapeutic agents.

Additional Adjuncts

The compositions optionally contain one or more of the followingadjuncts: desiccants, lubricants, glidants, agglomeration aids binders,electrolytes, solubilizing agents, stabilizers, solid processing aids,preservatives, free radical inhibitors, UV protection agents,anti-oxidants, and other polymers. Binders, when used, include, but arenot limited to, celluloses, starches, gums, and synthetic polymers.Solid processing aids, when used, include, but are not limited to, flowaids, lubricants, anti-static agents, and glidants. Electrolytes, whenused, include, calcium, sodium and potassium chloride.

Preservatives, when used, include, but are not limited to, mildewstat orbacteriostat, methyl, ethyl and propyl parabens, phosphates such astrisodium phosphate, short chain organic acids (e.g. acetic, lacticand/or glycolic acids), bisguanidine compounds (e.g. Dantagard and/orGlydant) and/or short chain alcohols (e.g. ethanol and/or IPA). Themildewstat or bacteriostat includes, but is not limited to, mildewstats(including non-isothiazolone compounds) including Kathon GC, a5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, KATHON ICP, a2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, and a blend thereof, and KATHON 886, a5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, all available from Rohm and HaasCompany; BRONOPOL, a 2-bromo-2-nitropropane 1, 3 diol, from BootsCompany Ltd., PROXEL CRL, a propyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, from ICI PLC;NIPASOL M, an o-phenyl-phenol, Na⁺ salt, from Nipa Laboratories Ltd.,DOWICIDE A, a 1,2-Benzoisothiazolin-3-one, from Dow Chemical Co.,Nipacides from Clariant, and IRGASAN DP 200, a2,4,4′-trichloro-2-hydroxydiphenylether, from Ciba-Geigy A.G.

Third Part

The compositions of the present invention optionally may include a thirdpart. In one embodiment, the third part is situated between the firstand second part of the solid-layered composition. The third part mayinclude, but not limited to, the following compounds, binder, filler,colorant, desiccant, solid processing aids, a carbonate, a bicarbonate,a sesquicarbonate, a chloride, a sulfate, a phosphate, a silicate,borate, a nitrate, an aluminate, a silica-aluminate, a hydroxide, or anoxide compound of alkali metals, alkaline earths, aluminum, zinc and tinincluding hydrates, mono, di and tribasic compounds, mixed salts, aborate, a clay, a zeolite, and mixtures thereof. Specific examplesinclude, but are not limited to, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate,zinc carbonate, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, sodiumbicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate, magnesium bicarbonate, sodiumsesquicarbonate, potassium sesquicarbonate, sodium chloride, sodiumsulfate, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, calcium sulfate, sodiumphosphate, sodium aluminum phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate,sodium dihydrogen phosphate, nesosilicates, sorosilicates,cyclosilicates, inosilicates (single or double chain), phyllosilicates,tectosilicates, sodium silicate, borax, boric acid, diborates,triborates, tetraborates, metaborates, sodium nitrate, potassiumnitrate, calcium nitrate, magnesium nitrate, sodium aluminate, potassiumaluminate, tricalcium aluminate, alumina oxide, magnesium oxide,aluminum hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calciumhydroxide, calcium oxide, zinc oxide, tin dioxide, titanium dioxide,silica alumina, and zeolite A, and mixtures thereof.

Form and Uses

The compositions of the present invention may used in the followingnon-limiting examples: The composition may be used to reduce microbialor viral populations, to clean, to function as, or to treat hardsurfaces, soft surfaces (i.e. fabric), toilet bowls, laundry detergent,dishwashing detergent, dentures, food wares, food surfaces, produce,meat, egg, poultry, process waters, animal quarters, and animalcarcasses, water, wastes, wastewater, soil, plants, textiles, medicaldevices and appliances. They can be also used for therapeutic treatmentof human and animal skin, nails, teeth, gums, burns, wounds, and ear,nasal and oral cavities. They may also be used to inhibit the growth ofmold and to remove odors. The composition may also be used to reducemicrobial or viral populations on vegetation, agricultural crops,prepared food, water used in the production or transport of foods,beverages, and bottled water. The composition of the present inventionmay be in the form of a powder, tablet or a granule. The presentinvention is directed to composition claims and methods of cleaningusing the composition. The present invention may be used directly orindirectly on surfaces. Generally, methods of using the compositioninclude: a) providing a specific surface b) contacting the surface withthe claimed composition and c) optionally cleaning the surface with thecomposition. Another method includes: a) providing a specific surface b)adding claimed composition to a body of water or adding a body of waterto claimed composition c) contacting the surface with the body of waterthat has contacted the composition and c) optionally, cleaning thesurface with the body of water containing the composition. Anothermethod includes: contacting an object to be cleaned with the compositionin water.

Benefits

Because the composition includes calcium and/or magnesium hypochloriteand an acid, hypochlorite ion, hypochlorous acid, or a mixture thereofmay formed upon dissolution of the composition in water depending on therelative amounts of these ingredients used in the composition. As such,the benefits and the performance of the composition can be tailored forthe intended use. For example, the composition can be designed toconvert most of the hypochlorite to hypochlorous acid in situ, when thecomposition is dissolved in water. Compositions that form hypochlorousacid when dissolved in water may be particularly suitable for personalcare, veterinary and medical uses such as treating wounds, burns andskin. Such compositions are also useful for disinfecting medical devicesincluding dentures and other dental appliances, as well as in other oralcare environments, such as a mouthwash and as an endodontic root canaldisinfectant. They may also be preferable for treating water, food, foodcontact surfaces and warewashing.

The use of hypochlorous acid results in a composition that is typicallyacidic rather than basic. This lowers pH speeds the rate ofantimicrobial activity, improves the removal of plaque and biofilmsincluding their conditioning layer, and may increases the removal ofsome stains. Complete removal of biofilms including their conditioninglayer increases the incubation time required for bacteria to reattach tothe denture to reform a biofilm when subsequently re-exposed tobacteria. Furthermore, the lower pH also increases the removal ofdeposits formed from hard water and the interaction of hard water withother substances such as soaps. The lower pH also increases the removalof dental calculus and other hard to remove calcium deposits. This isbecause the solubility of the calcium is significantly greater withinthe acidic environment.

When hypochlorous acid is more effective than hypochlorite ion, a lowerconcentration of hypochlorous acid may be used. This largely eliminatesthe formation of unpleasant odors from the reaction of hypochlorite ionand proteins. In addition, the hypochlorous acid works more quickly sothat shorter contact times with the cleaning solution produce thedesired results. Hypochlorous acid solutions by virtue of their lowereffective concentration and their lower pH are also less corrosive tosome materials used to construct dentures and dental appliances.

When the formation of hypochlorous acid is desired the pH of the mixedand prepared composition may be as high as about 9, preferably, the pHof the hypochlorous acid disinfecting composition is between about 5 andabout 8. In another embodiment, the pH of the hypochlorous aciddisinfecting composition is between about 6 and about 7. In oneembodiment, the pH is preferably acidic (i.e., less than 7), mostpreferably between about 5.5 and about 6.5.

The nature of the application or use will also influence the selectionof the concentration of hypochlorous acid or hypochlorite ion. A lowerconcentration is generally needed to kill microorganisms suspended inwater than microorganisms dried on a surface. For example, a compositionfor treating water for drinking would release about 0.1 to about 20 ppm,preferably 0.5 to 15 ppm, more preferably 1 to 10 ppm of hypochloriteion. A composition for treating waste water could release about 1 toabout 200 ppm, preferably 2 to 100 ppm, more preferably 5 to 50 ppm,most preferably 10 to 25 ppm of hypochlorous acid or hypochlorite ion.In another example, a composition for treating food or food contactsurfaces preferably releases about 1 to about 200 ppm of hypochlorousacid or hypochlorite ion. In another embodiment a unit dose compositionfor laundry releases about 5 to about 1000 ppm, preferably 10 to 600ppm, and more preferably 50 to 400 ppm of hypochlorous acid orhypochlorite ion to the laundry washwater. For warewashing a preferredcomposition might release about 50 to about 200 ppm of hypochlorous acidor hypochlorite ion into either the wash water or the rinse water.

In another embodiment the compositions may be dissolved in water to forma cleaning solution that is dispensed through a spray device such as atrigger sprayer. In one example, this composition would be a cleaningproduct refill. The composition could be added to an empty bottle, thebottle filled with water, and the bottle closed with the dispenser or asuitable closure. After the composition dissolves, the solution could bedispensed in the usual manner. In this case the concentration ofhypochlorite ion or hypochlorous acid in the solution would be about 0.1to about 4 percent by weight, preferably 0.25 to 2.5%. It could be usedfor stain removal, cleaning and disinfection of hard and soft surfaces.In one embodiment it would be used to kill and remove mold in bathroomsand other area. It is also contemplated that the tablets could bedissolved in a bottle with water to make a concentrated solutioncontaining about 1 to about 10%, preferably 2 to 8%, more preferably 4to 6% of hypochlorite ion. Doses from this bottle could be furtherdiluted into a bucket, wash tub or a cleaning appliance at the time ofuse for stain removal, cleaning or disinfection. Doses could also beapplied to wash or bath water for treating skin, burns, and wounds.

EXAMPLES

The compositions described below are sample solid-layered compositionsthat comprise at least two parts. The compositions are useful incleaning, sanitizing or disinfecting soft or hard surfaces.

Example I illustrates a sample three-part solid-layered composition ofthe invention.

Example I

First part % wt. of first part Calcium hypochlorite 12.1% Sodiumcarbonate 34.5% Succinic acid 32.8% Magnesium sulfate 17.2% Sodiumpolyacrylate (MW-5,400 daltons)  3.4% Second part % wt. of second partSodium carbonate 46.9% Succinic acid 44.6    Sodium polyacrylate(MW-5,100 daltons)  8.1% Sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate  0.4%Third part % wt. of third part Sodium chloride  100%

Example 2 illustrates a sample three-part solid-layered composition ofthe invention.

Example 2

First part % wt. of first part Calcium hypochlorite 42.3% Sodiumcarbonate 29.0% Succinic acid 27.6% Sodium polyacrylate (MW-5,400daltons)  1.1% Second part % wt. of second part Sodium carbonate 60.3%Succinic acid 34.5% PVP, crosslinked  5.2% Third part % wt. of thirdpart Sodium carbonate  100%

Example 3 illustrates a sample three-part solid-layered composition ofthe invention.

Example 3

First part % wt. of first part Calcium hypochlorite 15.3% Sodiumcarbonate 53.4% Succinic acid 30.5% PVP, crosslinked  0.8% Second part %wt. of second part Succinic acid 35.9% Sodium bicarbonate 53.9% Sodiumpolyacrylate (MW-4,500 daltons)  9.3% Sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate  0.9% Third part % wt. of third part Magnesium oxide  100%

Example 4 illustrates a sample three-part solid-layered composition ofthe invention.

Example 4

First part % wt. of first part Calcium hypochlorite  8.2% Sodiumcarbonate 45.9% 3-Pyridine sulfonic acid 37.7% Polycarboxylic maleiccopolymer  4.1% (MW-4,500 daltons) Laponite  4.1% Second part % wt. ofsecond part Sodium carbonate 41.7% Succinic acid 39.7% Sodiumpolyacrylate (MW-5,100 daltons)  1.0% Magnesium sulfate 17.6% Third part% wt. of third part Magnesium hydroxide  100%

Example 5 illustrates a sample two-part solid-layered composition of theinvention.

Example 5

First part % wt. of first part Calcium hypochlorite  8.2% Sodiumcarbonate 45.9% Succinic acid 37.7% Sodium polyacrylate (MW-2,800  4.1%daltons) Sodium carboxymethylcellulose  4.1% Second part % wt. of secondpart Sodium bicarbonate 51.4% Succinic acid 42.2% Sodium polyacrylate 4.6% Cross-linked Sodium  0.9% carboxymethylcellulose Laponite RD  0.9%

Example 6 illustrates a sample three-part solid-layered composition ofthe invention.

Example 6

First part % wt. of first part Calcium hypochlorite  8.2% Sodiumcarbonate 45.9% Succinic acid 37.7% Sodium polyacrylate maleic copolymer 8.2% (MW-2,800 daltons) Second part % wt. of second part Sodiumpolyacrylate (MW-5,100  6.1% daltons) Sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate  1.4% PVP, crosslinked  0.1% Glutaric acid  8.3% Potassiumbicarbonate 84.1% Third part % wt. of third part Magnesium sulfate  100%

Example 7 illustrates a sample two-part solid-layered composition of theinvention.

Example 7

First part % wt. of first part Calcium hypochlorite  8.2% Sodiumcarbonate 45.9% Succinic acid 37.7% Polycarboxylic maleic copolymer 8.2% (MW-4,500 daltons) Second part % wt. of second part Sodiumpolyacrylate (MW-5,100  9.7% daltons) Sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate  2.4% PVP, crosslinked  0.1% Glutaric acid 36.2% Sodiumsesquicarbonate 51.6%

Example 8 illustrates a sample three-part solid-layered composition ofthe invention.

Example 8

First part % wt. of first part Calcium hypochlorite  8.2% Sodiumcarbonate 45.9% 3-Pyridine sulfonic acid 37.7% Polycarboxylic MaleicCopolymer  8.2% (MW-4,500 daltons) Second part % wt. of second partSodium polyacrylate (MW-4,500 11.1% daltons) Sodium bicarbonate 49.9%Sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate  1.8% Glutaric acid 37.0% Fragrance 0.2% Third part % wt. of third part Sodium sulfate  100%

Example 9 illustrates a sample two-part solid-layered composition of theinvention.

Example 9

First part % wt. of first part Calcium hypochlorite  8.2% Sodiumcarbonate 45.9% 3-Pyridine sulfonic acid 37.7% Laponite  4.1% Sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose  4.1% Second part % wt. of second part Sodiumcarbonate 40.8% Succinic acid 38.8% Sodium polyacrylate (MW-5,100  1.0%daltons) Sodium lauryl sulfate  1.4% Magnesium sulfate 17.8% Fragrance 0.2%

Example 10 illustrates a sample two-part solid-layered composition ofthe invention.

Example 10

First part % wt. of first part Calcium hypochlorite  8.2% Sodiumcarbonate 45.9% Succinic acid 37.7% Sodium polyacrylate (MW-2,800  4.1%daltons) Sodium xylene sulfonate  4.1% Second part % wt. of second partSodium bicarbonate 47.2% Blue Dye 0.01% Succinic acid 38.6 Sodiumpolyacrylate (MW-2,800  4.2% daltons) Hydroxypropyl cellulose  0.8%Laponite RD  0.8% Fragrance  0.1% Cross-linked sodium  4.2%carboxymethylcellulose Dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid 0.58% Sodiumsulfate 3.51%

Example 11 illustrates a sample two-part solid-layered composition ofthe invention.

Example 11

First part % wt. of first part Calcium hypochlorite  8.2% Sodiumcarbonate 45.9% Succinic acid 37.7% Sodium polyacrylate (MW-2,800  4.1%daltons) Microcrystalline cellulose  4.1% Second part % wt. of secondpart Sodium bicarbonate 54.5% Succinic acid 44.4% Sodium xylenesulfonate    1% Sodium sulfate  0.1%

Example 12 illustrates a sample two-part solid-layered composition ofthe invention.

Example 12

First part % wt. of first part Calcium hypochlorite  8.2% Sodiumcarbonate 45.9% Succinic acid 37.7% Sodium polyacrylate (MW-5,100  4.1%daltons) Microcrystalline cellulose  4.1% Second part % wt. of secondpart Sodium bicarbonate 51.5% Succinic acid 42.0% Sodium xylenesulfonate  1.0% Sodium lauryl sulfate  5.0% Sodium sulfate  0.5%

Example 13 illustrates a sample two-part solid-layered composition ofthe invention.

Example 13

First part % wt. of first part Calcium hypochlorite   8.2% Sodiumcarbonate  45.9% Sodium sulfate  34.8% Polyacrylic Acid (MW-2,600daltons)   2.9% Microcrystalline cellulose   4.1% Sodium polyacrylate(MW-2,800   4.1% daltons) Second part % wt. of second part Sodiumbicarbonate 53.47% Succinic acid 44.93% Sodium lauryl sulfate  0.97%Styrene and acrylic acid terpolymer  0.63% (MW-3,000 daltons)

Example 14 illustrates a sample two-part solid-layered composition ofthe invention.

Example 14

First part % wt. of first part Calcium hypochlorite   8.2% Sodiumcarbonate  45.9% Sodium sulfate  23.6% Dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid 14.1% Microcrystalline cellulose   4.1% Sodium polyacrylate (MW-2,800  4.1% daltons) Second part % wt. of second part Sodium bicarbonate52.12% Succinic acid 44.93% Linear 10-carbon hydrophobe  2.33%Alkyldiphenyloxide Disulfonate Styrene and acrylic acid terpolymer 0.62% (MW-3,000 daltons)

Example 15 illustrates a sample two-part solid-layered composition ofthe invention.

Example 15

First part % wt. of first part Calcium hypochlorite   8.2% Sodiumcarbonate  35.9% Succinic acid  47.7% Sodium polyacrylate (MW-5,100  4.1% daltons) Microcrystalline cellulose   4.1% Second part % wt. ofsecond part Sodium bicarbonate 52.12% Succinic acid 44.93% Dowfax 2A1Branched  2.33% 12-carbon hydrophobe Alkyldiphenyloxide DisulfonateStyrene and acrylic acid terpolymer  0.62% (MW-3,000 daltons)

Example 16 illustrates a sample two-part solid-layered composition ofthe invention.

Example 16

First part % wt. of first part Calcium hypochlorite  1.0% Sodiumcarbonate 35.9% Succinic acid 47.7% Sodium polyacrylate  4.1% (MW-5,100daltons) Microcrystalline cellulose  4.1% Laponite RD  7.2% Second part% wt. of second part Sodium bicarbonate 47.2% Blue Dye 0.01% Succinicacid 38.6 Sodium polyacrylate (MW-2,800  4.2% daltons) Hydroxypropylcellulose  0.8% Laponite RD  0.8% Frgrance  0.1% Cross-linked sodium 4.2% carboxymethylceullose Dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid 0.58% Sodiumsulfate 3.51%

Example 17 illustrates a sample two-part solid-layered composition ofthe invention.

Example 17

First part % wt. of first part Calcium hypochlorite 39.7% Sodiumcarbonate 27.3% Sodium bisulfate 30.4% Sodium polyacrylate  2.7%(MW-5,100 daltons) Second part % wt. of second part Sodium bicarbonate76.8% Sodium polyacrylate  7.4% (MW-5,100 daltons) Sodium linearalkylbenzene sulfonate  0.7% PVP, crosslinked  3.0% Glutaric acid 11.8%Frgrance  0.3%

Example 18 illustrates a sample two-part solid-layered composition ofthe invention.

Example 18

First part % wt. of first part Calcium hypochlorite 12.1% Sodiumcarbonate 34.5% Succinic acid 32.8% Sodium polyacrylate  3.4% (MW-5,100daltons) Magnesium sulfate 17.2% Second part % wt. of second part Sodiumbicarbonate 46.9% Succinic acid 44.6% Sodium polyacrylate (MW-5,100 8.1% daltons) Sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate  0.4%

Example 19 illustrates a sample two-part solid-layered composition ofthe invention.

Example 19

First part % wt. of first part Calcium hypochlorite 15.0% Sodiumcarbonate 52.6% Adipic acid 31.6% PVP, crosslinked  0.8% Second part %wt. of second part Sodium bicarbonate 47.2% Blue Dye 0.01% Succinic acid38.6 Sodium polyacrylate (MW-2,800  4.2% daltons) Hydroxypropylcellulose  0.8% Laponite RD  0.8% Frgrance  0.1% Cross-linked sodium 4.2% carboxymethylceullose Dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid 0.58% Sodiumsulfate 3.51%

Without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention, one ofordinary skill can make various changes and modifications to theinvention to adapt it to various usages and conditions. As such, thesechanges and modifications are properly, equitably, and intended to be,within the full range of equivalence of the following claims.

1. A solid-layered bleach composition having at least two parts comprising a first part and a second part: wherein said first part comprising, a) 0.001%-50% by weight of a hypochlorite selected from the group consisting of calcium hypochlorite, magnesium hypochlorite and mixtures thereof; b) a builder selected from the group consisting of carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate and mixtures thereof; c) a water-soluble polymer, wherein said water-soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of a polycarboxylate, sulfonated carboxylate, polysulfonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyquaternary ammonium salts, copolymers and mixtures thereof; d) at least 30% by weight of an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid, polysulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid, acid sulfate, acid phosphate, phosphonic acid, and mixtures thereof; e) optionally, a filler selected from group consisting of chloride, sulfate, phosphate, silicate, borate, nitrate, chlorate, aluminate, silica-aluminate, hydroxide, and oxide compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earths, aluminium, zinc and tin including hydrates, mono, di and tribasic compounds, mixed salts, borates, clays, zeolites and mixtures thereof; f) optionally, a water-swellable polymer selected from the group consisting of cross-linked polycarboxylate, cross-linked polysulfonate, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and mixtures thereof; g) optionally, desiccants, solid processing aids, colorants, agglomeration aids, binders, glidants, corrosion inhibitors, and mixtures thereof; and h) wherein said first part does not contain sodium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, chlorine dioxide, N-halogenated compounds, hydantoins, isocyanurates, carboxylic acids that also have hydroxyl, amino, amido, imino, or imido groups, enzymes; and wherein said second part comprising, a) a functional ingredient selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, a hydrotrope, a wetting agent, a dispersant, a penetrant, a chelating agent, an odor absorbent, a fragrance, a flavoring agent, a sweetener, a colorant, a corrosion inhibitor, a viscosity modifier, a foam booster, a defoamer, a stain and soil repellant, a fluorescent whitening agent, an enzyme, a cloud point modifier, an anti-microbial agent, a sporulation agent, a catalyst, an activating agent, a therapeutic agent, and mixtures thereof; b) a builder or filler selected from the group consisting of a carbonate, a bicarbonate, a sesquicarbonate, a chloride, a sulfate, a phosphate, a silicate, borate, a nitrate, an aluminate, a silica-aluminate, a hydroxide, or an oxide compound of alkali metals, alkaline earths, aluminum, zinc and tin including hydrates, mono, di and tribasic compounds, mixed salts, a borate, a clay, a zeolite, and mixtures thereof; c) optionally acids, water soluble polymers, disintegrants, desiccants, solid processing aids, agglomeration aids, binders, glidants, preservatives, and mixtures thereof; and d) wherein said second part does not contain any oxidant wherein said oxidant comprises hypochlorite, chlorite, chlorate, perchlorate, N-halo compound, chlorine dioxide, peracid, peroxide, peroxygen bleach and mixtures thereof.
 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the second part contains a builder selected from carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate and mixtures thereof and the second part contains an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid, a carboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, acid sulfate, an acid phosphate, a phosphonic acid, and mixtures thereof.
 3. The composition of claim 1, wherein none of the ingredients are coated, encapsulated or embedded in a polymer, resin, or a wax.
 4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the functional ingredient in the second part contains both the surfactant and the hydrotrope.
 5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the hydrotrope in the second part is a salt selected from the group consisting of toluene sulfonate, cumene sulfonate, xylene sulfonate, naphthalene sulfonate, methyl naphthalene sulfonate, C4-C10 alkane sulfonates, and C6-C10 carboxylates, and mixtures thereof.
 6. The composition of claim 4, wherein the surfactant in the second part is an anionic surfactant.
 7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the acid in the first part is the dicarboxylic acid.
 8. The composition of claim 1, wherein the water-soluble polymer in the first part is the polycarboxylate, and the polycarboxylate is selected from the group consisting of maleic acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and mixtures thereof.
 9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the molecular weight of the polycarboxylate is between 1,000-6,000 daltons.
 10. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition requires a third part wherein said third part is situated between the first part and second part and said third part comprises a component selected from the group consisting of binder, filler, colorant, desiccant, solid processing aids, sodium chloride, sodium silicate, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, potassium sesquicarbonate, sodium borate, boric acid, aluminum hydroxide, silica and mixtures thereof.
 11. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of a tablet.
 12. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form of a granule.
 13. A solid-layered composition having at least two parts comprises a first part and a second part: wherein said first part consisting essentially of, a) 0.001%-50% by weight of a hypochlorite selected from the group consisting of calcium hypochlorite, magnesium hypochlorite and mixtures thereof; b) a builder selected from the group consisting of carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate and mixtures thereof; c) a water-soluble polymer, wherein said water-soluble polymer is selected from the group consisting of a polycarboxylate, sulfonated carboxylate, polysulfonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyquaternary ammonium salts, copolymers and mixtures thereof; d) at least 30% by weight of an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid, polysulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid, acid sulfate, acid phosphate, phosphonic acid, and mixtures thereof; e) optionally, a filler selected from group consisting of chloride, sulfate, phosphate, silicate, borate, nitrate, chlorate, aluminate, silica-aluminate, hydroxide, and oxide compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earths, aluminum, zinc and tin including hydrates, mono, di and tribasic compounds, mixed salts, borates, clays, zeolites and mixtures thereof; f) optionally, a water-swellable polymer selected from the group consisting of cross-linked polycarboxylate, cross-linked polysulfonate, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and mixtures thereof; g) optionally, desiccants, solid processing aids, colorants, agglomeration aids, binders, glidants, corrosion inhibitors, and mixtures thereof; and h) wherein said first part does not contain sodium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, chlorine dioxide, N-halogenated compounds, hydantoins, isocyanurates, carboxylic acids that also have hydroxyl, amino, amido, imino, or imido groups, enzymes; and wherein said second part consisting essentially of, a) a functional ingredient selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, a hydrotrope, a wetting agent, a dispersant, a penetrant, a chelating agent, an odor absorbent, a fragrance, a flavoring agent, a sweetener, a colorant, a corrosion inhibitor, a viscosity modifier, a foam booster, a defoamer, a stain and soil repellant, a fluorescent whitening agent, an enzyme, a cloud point modifier, an anti-microbial agent, a sporulation agent, a catalyst, an activating agent, a therapeutic agent, and mixtures thereof; b) a builder or filler selected from the group consisting of carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, phosphate, silicate, borate, nitrate, aluminate, silica-aluminate, hydroxide, or oxide compound of alkali metals, alkaline earths, aluminum, zinc and tin including hydrates, mono, di and tribasic compounds, mixed salts, borates, clays, zeolites, and mixtures thereof; c) optionally, a water-soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a polycarboxylate, sulfonated carboxylate, polysulfonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyquaternary ammonium salts, copolymers and mixtures thereof; d) optionally, an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid, polysulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid, acid sulfate, acid phosphate, phosphonic acid, and mixtures thereof; e) optionally, a water-swellable polymer wherein said water-swellable polymer is selected from the group consisting of cross-linked polycarboxylate, cross-linked polysulfonate, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and mixtures thereof; and f) optionally, desiccants, solid processing aids, agglomeration aids, binders, glidants, preservatives, and mixtures thereof; and g) wherein said second part does not contain any oxidant, wherein said oxidant comprises hypochlorite, chlorite, chlorate, perchlorate, N-halo compound, chlorine dioxide, peracid, peroxide, peroxygen bleach and mixtures thereof.
 14. The composition of claim 13, wherein none of the ingredients are coated, encapsulated or embedded in a polymer, resin, or a wax.
 15. The composition of claim 13, wherein the second part contains a builder selected from carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate and mixtures thereof and an acid in the second part selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid, a carboxylic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, acid sulfate, an acid phosphate, a phosphonic acid, and mixtures thereof.
 16. The composition of claim 13, wherein the functional part of the second part contains the surfactant and the hydrotrope.
 17. The composition of claim 13, wherein the water-soluble polymer is a polycarboxylate and the acid is a dicarboxylic acid.
 18. The composition of claim 13, wherein the composition requires a third part wherein said third part is situated between the first part and second part and said third part consists essentially of a component selected from the group consisting of binder, filler, colorant, desiccant, sodium chloride, sodium silicate, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, potassium sesquicarbonate, sodium borate, boric acid, aluminum hydroxide, silica and mixtures thereof.
 19. A solid-layered composition having at least two parts comprising a first part and a second part: wherein said first part consisting of, a) 0.001%-50% by weight of a hypochlorite selected from the group consisting of calcium hypochlorite, magnesium hypochlorite and mixtures thereof; b) a builder selected from the group consisting of carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate and mixtures thereof; c) a water-soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a polycarboxylate, sulfonated carboxylate, polysulfonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyquaternary ammonium salts, copolymers and mixtures thereof; d) at least 30% by weight of an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid, polysulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid, acid sulfate, acid phosphate, phosphonic acid, and mixtures thereof; e) optionally, a filler selected from the group consisting of chloride, sulfate, phosphate, silicate, borate, nitrate, chlorate, aluminate, silica-aluminate, hydroxide, and oxide compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earths, aluminum, zinc and tin including hydrates, mono, di and tribasic compounds, mixed salts, borates, clays, zeolites and mixtures thereof; f) optionally, a water-swellable polymer selected from the group consisting of cross-linked polycarboxylate, cross-linked polysulfonate, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and mixtures thereof; g) optionally, desiccants, solid processing aids, colorants, agglomeration aids, binders, glidants, corrosion inhibitors, and mixtures thereof; and h) wherein said first part does not contain sodium hypochlorite, lithium hypochlorite, potassium hypochlorite, sodium chlorite, chlorine dioxide, N-halogenated compounds, hydantoins, isocyanurates, carboxylic acids that also have hydroxyl, amino, amido, imino, or imido groups, enzymes; and wherein said second part consisting of, a) a functional ingredient selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, a hydrotrope, a wetting agent, a dispersant, a penetrant, a chelating agent, an odor absorbent, a fragrance, a flavoring agent, a sweetener, a colorant, a corrosion inhibitor, a viscosity modifier, a foam booster, a defoamer, a stain and soil repellant, a fluorescent whitening agent, an enzyme, a cloud point modifier, an anti-microbial agent, a sporulation agent, a catalyst or an activating agent, a therapeutic agent, and mixtures thereof; b) a builder or filler selected from the group consisting of carbonate, bicarbonate, sesquicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, phosphate, silicate, borate, nitrate, aluminate, silica-aluminate, hydroxide, or oxide compound of alkali metals, alkaline earths, aluminum, zinc and tin including hydrates, mono, di and tribasic compounds, mixed salts, borates, clays, zeolites, and mixtures thereof; c) optionally, a water-soluble polymer selected from the group consisting of a polycarboxylate, sulfonated carboxylate, polysulfonate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyquaternary ammonium salts, copolymers and mixtures thereof; d) optionally, an acid selected from the group consisting of sulfonic acid, polysulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, dicarboxylic acid, polycarboxylic acid, acid sulfate, acid phosphate, phosphonic acid, and mixtures thereof; e) optionally, a water-swellable polymer selected from the group consisting of cross-linked polycarboxylate, cross-linked polysulfonate, cross-linked carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and mixtures thereof; f) optionally, desiccants, solid processing aids, agglomeration aids, binders, glidants, preservatives, corrosion inhibitors and mixtures thereof; and g) wherein said second part does not contain any oxidant, wherein said oxidant comprises hypochlorite, chlorite, chlorate, perchlorate, N-halo compound, chlorine dioxide, peracid, peroxide, peroxygen bleach and mixtures thereof.
 20. The composition of claim 19, wherein the composition requires a third part wherein said third part is situated between the first part and second part and said third part consists of a component selected from the group consisting of binder, filler, colorant, desiccant, sodium chloride, sodium silicate, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sesquicarbonate, potassium sesquicarbonate, sodium borate, boric acid, aluminum hydroxide, silica and mixtures thereof. 